Dry Eye or KCS (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
My-Dog.info > Dog Health
The term "dry eye" is often used to describe
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) because the condition causes a
loss of tear production. Inflammation of the cornea (keratitis)
and conjunctivae (the eye membranes) is termed
keratoconjunctivitis, while sicca means dry. Although this
condition occurs in both dogs and cats, it is rare in cats. It is
most common in certain dog breeds including Lhasa apso, Bulldog,
Cocker spaniel, and some of the terriers. Thought to be an
inherited tendency in some breeds, in other cases it appears to
be immune-mediated disease where the body sends out immune
response against the glands that produce the tears. Trauma to the
nerve supplying the gland, or to the gland itself can also
interrupt tear production.
The drying of the surface of the eye (cornea) and the tissue
that surrounds the eyeball (conjunctiva) results in inflammation,
and secondary infection usually becomes evident as the protective
surface layers are damaged and weakened. This is a painful eye
condition. Discharge, swelling of the eyelids, red eye membranes,
rubbing of the face, and sensitivity to light are some of the
symptoms that may be noted. The eye(s) may be swollen shut due to
eyelid spasms. If left untreated, KCS can permanently affect
vision.
The keratitis often progresses to a corneal ulceration or a
loss of the protective layers of the cornea covering the eye
surface. Eventually, new blood vessels form right on the usually
transparent cornea, and sometimes pigmentation develops there as
well.
A key test for diagnosis is the Schirmer tear test, a simple
way to measure tear production. The test can be done right on the
examination table. Small paper strips are inserted into the gap
between eyelid and eye where tears normally pool and are used to
measure tear progression along the strip. In dry eye, there is
reduced tear movement up the test strip. Other tests such as
bacterial culture and sensitivity, and fluorescein dye test to
assess corneal ulcers may also be performed.
Topical eye treatments such as local immune modulators,
antibiotics, and lubricants are prescribed, and it is important
to attend recommended follow-up appointments at your veterinary
facility to allow professional assessment regarding adequacy of
the healing process. Sometimes, treatment is required for life.
If your pet is experiencing any of the eye problems mentioned
above, see your veterinarian for assessment. Many conditions can
mimic dry eye, but regardless of cause, all eye problems should
be attended to promptly to help ensure the best possible
prognosis.
Reprinted with permission from www.animalhealthcare.ca
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